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Chapter 2 Test



Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

1. 

The three particles that make up an atom are
a.
protons, neutrons, and isotopes.
b.
neutrons, isotopes, and electrons.
c.
positive, negatives, and electrons.
d.
protons, neutrons, and electrons.
 

2. 

The space surrounding the nucleus of an atom contains
a.
protons.
b.
electrons.
c.
neutrons.
d.
ions.
 

3. 

The nucleus is made up of
a.
protons and electrons.
b.
electrons and neutrons.
c.
protons and neutrons.
d.
protons, neutrons, and electrons.
 

4. 

If atom X had 17 protons and 18 neutrons, it would be called
a.
17X.
b.
18X.
c.
35X.
d.
1X.
 

5. 

Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons and
a.
a different number of electrons.
b.
a different number of molecules.
c.
a different number of neutrons.
d.
the same number of neutrons.
 

6. 

Which of the following is NOT a function of radioactive isotopes?
a.
can determine the ages of rocks and fossils
b.
can be used to treat cancer and kill bacteria that cause food to spoil
c.
used as “tracers” to follow the movements of substances within organisms
d.
all of the above
 

7. 

If an atom contains 11 protons and 12 neutrons, its atomic number is
a.
1.
b.
11.
c.
12.
d.
23.
 

8. 

Which of the following terms describes a substance formed by the combination of two or more elements in definite proportions?
a.
compound
b.
isotope
c.
nucleus
d.
enzyme
 

9. 

Which of the following makes up a molecule of water?
a.
one atom of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen
b.
one atom of sodium and one atom of chlorine
c.
one atom of hydrogen and two atoms of oxygen
d.
two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen
 

10. 

A covalent bond is formed as the result of
a.
transferring electrons.
b.
sharing an electron pair.
c.
transferring protons.
d.
sharing a proton pair.
 

11. 

What type of ion forms when an atom loses electrons?
a.
neutral
b.
positive
c.
negative
d.
possibly positive or negative
 

12. 

The most abundant compound in most living things is
a.
carbon dioxide.
b.
water.
c.
sodium chloride.
d.
sugar.
 

13. 

Water molecules are polar, with
a.
the oxygen side being slightly positive and the hydrogen side being slightly negative.
b.
the oxygen and hydrogen sides being slightly positive.
c.
the oxygen and hydrogen sides being slightly negative.
d.
the oxygen side being slightly negative and the hydrogen side being slightly positive.
 

14. 

Which of the following illustrates the different types of chemical bonds in order of increasing attraction?
a.
ionic, covalent, hydrogen
b.
covalent, ionic, hydrogen
c.
hydrogen, covalent, ionic
d.
hydrogen, ionic, covalent
 

15. 

A solution is a(an)
a.
breaking of a chemical bond.
b.
chemical reaction.
c.
evenly-distributed mixture of two or more substances.
d.
combination of two or more liquids.
 

16. 

If you stir salt into boiling water, you produce a
a.
mixture called a suspension.
b.
mixture called a solution.
c.
solution and suspension.
d.
mixture only.
 

17. 

When salt is dissolved in water, water is the
a.
reactant.
b.
solution.
c.
solute.
d.
solvent.
 

18. 

Suspensions are mixtures
a.
of water and undissolved material.
b.
in which the components are evenly distributed throughout the solution.
c.
both a and b.
d.
neither a nor b.
 

19. 

If the pH of stomach acid and of oven cleaner were measured,
a.
both would be below 7.
b.
both would be above 7.
c.
the pH of stomach acid would be above 7, but the pH of oven cleaner would be below 7.
d.
the pH of stomach acid would be below 7, but the pH of oven cleaner would be above 7.
 

20. 

A map of eastern North America, showing the pH of rainfall in the various states, indicates that the pH of rain in New York State varies from 4.22 to 4.40. According to these figures, the most acidic rainfall in New York State has a pH of
a.
4.22.
b.
4.30.
c.
4.35.
d.
4.40.
 

21. 

A substance with a pH of 6 is called
a.
an acid.
b.
a base.
c.
both an acid and a base.
d.
neither an acid nor a base.
 

22. 

Solutions that contain concentrations of H+ ions lower than pure water
a.
have pH values below 7.
b.
are acids.
c.
are bases.
d.
are enzymes.
 

23. 

Amino acid is to protein as
a.
fat is to lipid.
b.
DNA is to RNA.
c.
sugar is to fat.
d.
simple sugar is to starch.
 

24. 

A monosaccharide is a
a.
carbohydrate.
b.
lipid.
c.
nucleic acid.
d.
protein.
 

25. 

Which of the following organic compounds is the main source of energy for living things?
a.
carbohydrates
b.
lipids
c.
nucleic acids
d.
proteins
 

26. 

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?
a.
store and transmit heredity
b.
help to fight disease
c.
control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes
d.
build tissues such as bone and muscle
 

27. 

Which statement is true?
a.
Simple sugars are made of polysaccharides.
b.
Glycerol is made of fatty acids.
c.
RNA molecules are made of nucleotides.
d.
Amino acids are made of proteins.
 

28. 

In chemical reactions, atoms are
a.
created.
b.
destroyed.
c.
rearranged.
d.
neutralized.
 

29. 

When hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water, water would be
a.
a product.
b.
a reactant.
c.
both a product and a reactant.
d.
neither a product nor a reactant.
 

30. 

Identify the reactant(s) in the chemical reaction, CO2 + H2O ® H2CO3.
a.
CO2, H2O, and H2CO3
b.
CO2 and H2O
c.
H2CO3
d.
CO2
 

31. 

What is the process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals?
a.
cohesion
b.
adhesion
c.
chemical reaction
d.
dissolving
 

32. 

What is the term used to describe the energy needed to get a reaction started?
a.
adhesion energy
b.
activation energy
c.
cohesion energy
d.
chemical energy
 

33. 

Chemical reactions that release energy
a.
will not occur.
b.
will sometimes occur.
c.
will always explode.
d.
often occur spontaneously.
 

34. 

If a reaction in one direction releases energy, the reaction in the opposite direction
a.
also releases energy.
b.
absorbs energy.
c.
destroys energy.
d.
cannot occur.
 

35. 

Which of the following is a form of energy released during a chemical reaction?
a.
heat
b.
sound
c.
light
d.
all of the above
 

36. 

Which of the following statements about enzymes is NOT true?
a.
Enzymes work best at a specified pH.
b.
All enzymes work inside cells.
c.
Enzymes are proteins.
d.
Enzymes are organic catalysts.
 

37. 

Which of the following statements is true about catalysts?
a.
Catalysts slow down the rate of chemical reactions.
b.
All catalysts are enzymes.
c.
Catalysts are used up during a chemical reaction.
d.
Catalysts lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction.
 

38. 

A substance that accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction is called a(an)
a.
catalyst.
b.
lipid.
c.
molecule.
d.
element.
 

39. 

Enzymes affect the reactions in living cells by changing the
a.
products of the reaction.
b.
speed of the reaction.
c.
temperature of the reaction.
d.
pH of the reaction.
 

40. 

When using litmus paper, blue litmus paper will __________ in the presence of an acid.
a.
turn red
c.
stay blue
b.
turn clear
d.
turn green
 

41. 

Red litmus paper is used to detect a __________.
a.
acid
c.
neutral solution
b.
base
d.
acid or a base
 

42. 

_______________ explains why the water tended to "pile-up" on the penny during the "Properties of Water" Lab.
a.
Adhesion
c.
cohesion
b.
ionic bonding
d.
covalent bonding
 

Matching:  Use the attached periodic table to answer the following 8 questions.  You may use choices more than once if neccessary.
 
 
test_chapter2_files/i0450000.jpg
a.
17
e.
15
b.
10
f.
Cu
c.
0
g.
16
d.
82
h.
20
 

43. 

What is the atomic symbol for Copper?
 

44. 

What is the Atomic number for Sulfur?
 

45. 

What is the Atomic number for Lead?
 

46. 

How many electrons does Chlorine have?
 

47. 

How many protons does Sulfur have?
 

48. 

How many neutrons does Calcium have?
 

49. 

How many neurtrons does Hydrogen have?
 

50. 

What is the atomic weight of Oxygen rounded off to the nearest whole number?
 



 
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