Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
A
B
C
D
1.
A
______________ experiment allows the scientist to isolate and test a single variable
a.
controlled
b.
theoretical
c.
well
planned
d.
hypothetical
A
B
C
D
2.
Unlike small cells, large cells have more trouble
a.
getting oxygen
into the cell
b.
getting waste products out of the
cell
c.
moving nutrients
into the cell
d.
all of the above
A
B
C
D
3.
_________ is considered the "Father of Genetics"
a.
Priestly
b.
Redi
c.
Pasteur
d.
Mendel
A
B
C
D
4.
glucose is to starch as a(an) ____________.
a.
amino acids is
to proteins
b.
monomer is to a polymer
c.
nucleotide is to
a nucleic acid
d.
all of the above
A
B
C
D
5.
The
burning of fossil fuels and the cutting down of forests, has greatly impacted what biogeochemical
cycle?
a.
oxygen
cycle
b.
water cycle
c.
carbon
cycle
d.
atmospheric cycle
A
B
C
D
6.
A
well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations is a(an)
a.
hypothesis.
b.
inference.
c.
theory.
d.
controlled experiment.
A
B
C
D
7.
Given
T=tall and t=short, what is the expected genotypic ratio of offspring from a cross between homozygous
short and heterozygous tall parents?
a.
3 : 1
b.
1 :
1
c.
1 : 2 :
1
d.
all the same
genotype
A
B
C
D
8.
Energy is added to ADP when
a.
a phosphate group is added.
b.
a phosphate
group is removed
c.
ADP is exposed to sunlight.
d.
ADP becomes
AMP
A
B
C
D
9.
The
____________ regulates which materials enter and leave the cell.
a.
cell
membrane
b.
mitochondria
c.
chloroplasts
d.
microfilaments
A
B
C
D
10.
What
is produced during transcription?
a.
RNA molecules
b.
DNA
molecules
c.
RNA polymerase
d.
proteins
A
B
C
D
11.
Cellular respiration is to mitochondria as photosyntheis is to
a.
chloroplasts.
b.
cytoplasm.
c.
mitochondria.
d.
nucleus.
A
B
C
D
12.
How
many codons are needed to specify one amino acids?
A
B
C
D
13.
If
you made a Punnett square showing Mendel’s cross between true-breeding tall plants with
true-breeding short plants, the square would show that the offspring were
a.
a mixture of
Tall and Short plants
b.
a mixture of Tall, Short, and Medium
Plants
c.
all homozygous Tall Plants
d.
all heterozygous
Tall Plants
A
B
C
D
14.
How
many different allele combinations would be found in the gametes produced by a plant whose genetype
was NnAA?
A
B
C
D
15.
(Assume that Red is incompletely dominant over White) What are the possible phenotypes
of offspring produced between a pink-flowered four o'clock plant and a white flowered four
o’clock plant?
a.
pink-flowered only
b.
pink-flowered
and red-flowered only
c.
white-flowered, red-flowered, and
pink-flowered
d.
pink-flowered and white-flowered only
A
B
C
D
16.
Global warming is caused by all of the following except_________.
a.
buildup of
carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
b.
addition of greenhouse gasses such as methane
c.
cutting down and
burning of forests
d.
deletion of carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere
A
B
C
D
17.
RNA
differs from DNA because ________
a.
RNA has ribose instead of deoxyribose
b.
RNA is single
stranded and DNA is double stranded
c.
RNA contains Uracil instead of
Thymine
d.
all of the above
A
B
C
D
18.
The
principle of dominance states that
a.
all alleles are dominant.
b.
all alleles are
recessive.
c.
some alleles are dominant and others are
recessive.
d.
alleles are neither dominant nor
recessive.
A
B
C
D
19.
To
segregate means to ________.
a.
join together.
b.
separate from
one another.
c.
clump together
d.
dissolve
Figure
12-2
A
B
C
D
20.
What
does Figure 12-2 show?
a.
anticodons
b.
the order in
which amino acids are linked
c.
the code for splicing mRNA
d.
the genetic
code
A
B
C
D
21.
The
diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called
a.
osmotic
pressure.
b.
osmosis.
c.
facilitated
diffusion.
d.
active transport.
A
B
C
D
22.
The
number of chromosomes in a gamete is represented by the symbol
Figure
3-2
A
B
C
D
23.
In
which way does Figure 3-2 differ from a typical model of trophic levels?
a.
Second-level
consumers outnumber first-level consumers.
b.
Third-level consumers outnumber second-level
consumers.
c.
First-level consumers outnumber
producers.
d.
First-level consumers outnumber second-level
consumers.
A
B
C
D
24.
Which
of the following affects the rate of photosynthesis?
a.
water
b.
temperature
c.
light
intensity
d.
all of these
A
B
C
D
25.
Rank
the following substances by their pH starting with the strongest acid and ending with the strongest
base: pure water, lemon juice, oven cleaner, sea water
a.
oven cleaner,
pure water, lemon juice, sea water
b.
oven cleaner, pure water, lemon juice, sea
water
c.
lemon juice, oven cleaner, pure water, sea
water
d.
lemon juice, pure water, sea water, oven
cleaner
A
B
C
D
26.
Gene
maps are based on
a.
the frequencies
of crossing-over betweeen genes.
b.
independent assortment.
c.
genetic
diversity.
d.
the number of genes in a cell.
A
B
C
D
27.
Which
of the following is NOT considered to be a characteristic of a living thing?
a.
taken as a
group, living things change over time
b.
ability to move
c.
response to the
environment
d.
obtain and use materials and energy
A
B
C
D
28.
Generally speaking, which of the following events would be the last to occur when
toxic chemicals are discarded into a stream
a.
create a threat to tertiary consumer
b.
create a threat
to primary consumers
c.
are carried into a lake.
d.
harm aquatic
producers
A
B
C
D
29.
Which
of the following represents the phases of mitosis in their proper sequence?
a.
prophase,
metaphase, anaphase, telophase
b.
interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase,
telophase
c.
interphase, prophase, metaphase,
telophase
d.
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase,
cytokinesis
RrYy
RY
Ry
rY
ry
RY
RRYY
RRYy
RrYY
RrYy
Seed
Shape
R –
round
r –
wrinkled
RrYy
Ry
RRYy
RRyy
RrYy
Rryy
Seed Color
Y –
yellow
y
– green
rY
RrYY
RrYy
rrYY
rrYy
ry
RrYy
Rryy
rrYy
rryy
Figure
11-2
A
B
C
D
30.
In
Mendel's second experiment, the F2 plants included combinations of alleles not found in
either of the parents. Mendel concluded that the alleles for seed color and shape
a.
assort
independently.
b.
are linked.
c.
are found on the
same chromosome
d.
are always homozygous.
A
B
C
D
31.
Using
the Punnett square in Figure 11-2, predict how many of the offspring will be wrinkled and
yellow?
A
B
C
D
32.
How
many different allele combinations are possible in the offspring if the parental genotypes are TT x
tt?
A
B
C
D
33.
Prokaryotes do not have ___________.
a.
cytoplasm.
b.
a cell membrane.
c.
a
nucleus.
d.
genetic material.
A
B
C
D
34.
What
does a Punnett square NOT show?
a.
all possible results of a genetic
cross
b.
the genotypes of the offspring
c.
the alleles in
the gametes of each parent
d.
the actual results of a genetic cross
A
B
C
D
35.
Which
of the following is NOT a correct statement about a Theory ?
a.
it is always
true.
b.
it unifies a broad range of
observations
c.
it may be revised or replaced.
d.
it enables
scientists to make accurate predictions about new situations
USING SCIENCE SKILLS
Figure
12-4
A
B
C
D
36.
What
is represented by structure D in Figure 12-4?
a.
tRNA
b.
rRNA
c.
mRNA
d.
polypeptide
A
B
C
D
37.
Identify structure F in Figure 12-4. What does it specify?
a.
Anticodon for
Methionine
b.
Anitcodon for Alanine
c.
Codon for
Alanine
d.
Codon for Leucine
A
B
C
D
38.
Which
sequence correctly traces the path of a protein in the cell?
a.
rough
endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, released from the cell
b.
ribosome, smooth
endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplast
c.
smooth endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome, Golgi
apparatus
d.
mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, cell
membrane
A
B
C
D
39.
What
happens during the process of translation?
a.
Messenger RNA is made from DNA.
b.
The cell uses
information from messenger RNA to produce proteins.
c.
Transfer RNA is
made from messenger RNA.
d.
Copies of DNA molecules are made.
A
B
C
D
40.
Fransico Redi proposed an explanation in which he stated that maggots appeared on
rotten meat because flies had laid eggs onto the meat which were to small to be seen by the naked
eye. This is a(an)__________.
a.
conclusion.
b.
hypothesis.
c.
experiment.
d.
analysis.
A
B
C
D
41.
In a
lab you are asked to describe the color of an insect. This is a
______________.
a.
Qualitative
observation
b.
Scientific observation
c.
Quantitative
observation
d.
Mass observation
USING SCIENCE SKILLS
Figure
11-6
A
B
C
D
42.
If
the stages shown in Figure 11-6 are taking place in a male animal, at which stage does each cell
first have a single copy of each gene?
A
B
C
D
43.
If
the stages shown in Figure 11-6 are taking place in a female animal, how many eggs will result from
stage G?
A
B
C
D
44.
______________ such as bacteria and fungi are responsible for breaking down organic
matter and returning the nutrients into the soil.
a.
decomposers
b.
omnivores
c.
herbivores
d.
carnivores
USING SCIENCE SKILLS
Figure
12-6
A
B
C
D
45.
What
general type of mutation results from process B?
a.
Deletion
b.
Duplication
c.
Inversion
d.
Translocation
USING SCIENCE SKILLS
Figure
12-5
A
B
C
D
46.
What
process is illustrated in Figure 12-5?
a.
Transcription
b.
DNA
Replication
c.
Translation
d.
RNA
Synthesis
A
B
C
D
47.
Which
labeled structure in Figure 12-5 is a anticodon?
A
B
C
D
48.
Identify the organelle indicated by the letter C in Figure
12-5.
a.
nucleus
b.
nucleolus
c.
Endoplasmic
reticulum
d.
Ribosome
A
B
C
D
49.
DNA
contains the sugar
a.
ribose.
b.
deoxyribose.
c.
glucose.
d.
lactose.
A
B
C
D
50.
Mixtures of water and nondissolved material are known as
_____________.
a.
suspensions
b.
solvents
c.
solutions
d.
solutes
A
B
C
D
51.
Enzymes affect the reactions in living cells by changing the
a.
products of the
reaction.
b.
speed of the reaction.
c.
temperature of
the reaction.
d.
pH of the reaction.
Figure
12-1
A
B
C
D
52.
Identify structure outlined and labeled by the letter X in Figure
12-1.
a.
RNA
b.
Phosphate
c.
Nucleotide
d.
5-carbon sugar
A
B
C
D
53.
Figure 12-1 shows the structure of a(an)
a.
DNA
molecule.
b.
amino acid.
c.
RNA
molecule.
d.
protein.
A
B
C
D
E
54.
Proteins are responsible for all of the following except ___________.
a.
store and
transmit heredity
b.
help to fight disease
c.
control the rate
of reactions and regulate cell processes
d.
primary source of energy in living
things
e.
both a and d
Figure
11-1
A
B
C
D
E
55.
In
the Punnett square shown in Figure 11-1, which of the following is true about parents in the
cross?
a.
Both are
Tall
b.
One is Tall and
one is Short
c.
Both are Short
d.
One is
heterozygous and the one is homozygous
e.
Both a and
d
A
B
C
D
56.
Bacteria, legumes, and decomposers all have a direct role in the ________ cycle.
a.
oxygen
b.
phosphorus
c.
nitrogen
d.
water
A
B
C
D
57.
A
_________ bond is formed as the result of sharing electrons
a.
covalent
b.
ionic
c.
metalic
d.
van der Waals
A
B
C
D
58.
_______ is the most abundant chemical compound present in most living things.
A
B
C
D
59.
Chlorophyll is an example of a light-absorbing molecule called
__________
a.
pigments.
b.
thylakoids.
c.
chloroplasts.
d.
glucose.
A
B
C
D
60.
Which plant showed the greatest growth after five
days.
a.
Plant 1
b.
plant 2
c.
Plant 3
d.
All the same
A
B
C
D
61.
Some
people have suggested that talking to plants can increase their health and growth rate. This
may be due to the increased amounts of _________ present.
a.
oxygen
b.
carbon dioxide
c.
glucose
d.
all of the above
A
B
C
D
62.
Scientists publish the details of important experiments so that
a.
their work can
be repeated.
b.
other scientists can review the experimental procedures to make
sure that the design was without flaws
c.
to make sure that the results match those already
obtained
d.
all of the above
A
B
C
D
63.
Primary succession can begin after
a.
a forest fire.
b.
a lava
flow.
c.
farm land is abandoned.
d.
a severe
storm.
A
B
C
D
64.
As a
cell becomes larger, its
a.
volume increases faster than its surface
area.
b.
surface area increases faster than its
volume.
c.
volume increases, but its surface area stays the
same.
d.
surface area stays the same, but its volume
increases.
A
B
C
D
65.
Only
certain cells in multicellular organisms undergo meiosis. Where in a human would these cells be
found?
a.
The
ovary.
b.
The testes
c.
The
gonads
d.
all of the above
A
B
C
D
66.
The
first, and perhaps the best known, case of biological magnification involved the
pesticide
a.
CFC.
b.
UV.
c.
CITES.
d.
DDT.
A
B
C
D
67.
_____________ produce(s) proteins following coded instructions that come from the
nucleus
a.
vacuoles
b.
mitochondria
c.
The Smooth
Endoplasmic Reticulum
d.
ribosomes
A
B
C
D
68.
Prokaryotes include which of the following organisms?
a.
plants
b.
animals
c.
fungi
d.
none of the above
A
B
C
D
69.
Organisms that have two different alleles for a particular trait are said to
be
a.
hybrid.
b.
homozygous.
c.
heterozygous.
d.
dominant.
A
B
C
D
70.
A
student is collecting the gas given off from a plant in bright sunlight at a temperature of
27°C. The gas being collected is probably
a.
oxygen.
b.
carbon
dioxide.
c.
ATP.
d.
vaporized water.
A
B
C
D
71.
Which
of the following is a function of the nucleus?
a.
stores DNA
b.
controls most of
the cell's processes
c.
contains the information needed to make
proteins
d.
all of the above
A
B
C
D
72.
Unlike DNA, RNA contains
a.
adenine.
b.
uracil.
c.
phosphate groups.
d.
thymine.
A
B
C
D
73.
When
land is developed, natural habitats may be destroyed. As habitats disappear, the species that
live in those habitats vanish. In addition, development often splits ecosystems into pieces, a
process called ________________________.
a.
habitat fragmentation
b.
extinction
c.
ecosystem diversity
d.
biological
magnification
A
B
C
D
74.
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from
a.
an area of low
concentration to an area of high concentration.
b.
an area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration.
c.
an area of
equilibrium to an area of high concentration.
d.
all of the
above
A
B
C
D
E
75.
In the experiment
above performed by Francesco Redi, which of the following is NOT considered to be a controlled
variable
a.
jars
b.
type of meat
c.
temperature
d.
time
e.
gauze covering
A
B
C
D
76.
New
combinations of alleles result when a zygote is formed by the fertilization of male and
female
a.
haploid
cells
b.
sex cells
c.
gametes.
d.
all of the above
A
B
C
D
77.
Only
about _____ percent of the energy available within on trophic level is transferred to organisms at
the next trophic level. Much of the remaining energy is released into the environment as
heat.
Figure
3-1
A
B
C
D
E
78.
The
algae at the beginning of the food chain in Figure 3-1 are
a.
consumers.
b.
autotrophs
c.
producers.
d.
heterotrophs.
e.
both b and
c
A
B
C
D
79.
The
sum total of athe genetically-based variety of living orgainisms in the biosphere is
called
a.
species
diversity
b.
sustainable use
c.
biodiversity
d.
conservation biology
A
B
C
D
80.
During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases TAGGTC produces a
strand with the bases
a.
TCGAAC.
b.
ATCCAG
c.
AGCTTG.
d.
GAUCCA.
A
B
C
D
81.
A
__________ is an evenly-distributed mixture of two or more substances.
a.
suspension
b.
coloidal suspension
c.
solution
d.
solute
A
B
C
D
82.
The
ability to reproduce results is an important part of any
a.
hypothesis.
b.
variable.
c.
conclusion
d.
experiment.
Figure
10-1
A
B
C
D
83.
The
process of Mitosis (or Cell Diviision) is represented in Figure 10-1 by the letter
A
B
C
D
84.
Given
the following parental genotypes: RrBB x RRBB, predict how many different phenotypes may
result.
A
B
C
D
85.
What
principle states that during gamete formation, genes for different traits separate without
influencing each other's inheritance?
a.
Principle of dominance.
b.
Principle of
independent assortment.
c.
Principle of probabilities.
d.
Principle of
segregation.
A
B
C
D
86.
The
processes of respiration and photosynthesis are important components in which biogeochemical
cycle?
a.
carbon/oxygen
cycle
b.
nitrogen cycle
c.
phosphorus
cycle
d.
water cycle
A
B
C
D
87.
Which
of the following is not an effect created by the introduction of non-native species?
a.
Population
decrease of native species.
b.
Increased competition between
species.
c.
The creation of a new species.
d.
None of the
above.
A
B
C
D
88.
All
living things are composed of cells. Cells are the basic units of life. New cells come from
existing cells. These statements summarize what fundamental concept in
biology?
a.
The Cell
Theory
b.
The Theory of Spontaneous Generation
c.
The Theory of
Biogenisis
d.
The Principle of Segregation
A
B
C
D
89.
What
is the correct equation for cellular respiration?
a.
6O2 + C6 H12 O6
® 6CO2
+ 6H2 O + ATP Energy
b.
6O2 + C6 H12 O6 + ATP
Energy ® 6CO2 + 6H2 O
c.
6CO2
+ 6H2 O ® 6O2 + C6 H12 O6 + ATP
Energy
d.
6CO2 + 6H2 O + ATP Energy ®
6O2 + C6 H12 O6
A
B
C
D
E
90.
Which
of the following statements is true about catalysts?
a.
Catalysts speed
up chemical reactions
b.
Many catalysts are affected by changes in
temperature
c.
Enzymes are a common type of biological
catalyst
d.
Catalysts lower the activation energy of a chemical
reaction.
e.
all of the above
A
B
C
D
E
91.
If a
population grows larger than the carrying capacity of the environment, which of the following may
occur?
a.
death rate may
rise.
b.
growth will slow down
c.
birthrate
decreases
d.
emmigration may increase
e.
all of the
above
A
B
C
D
92.
DNA
is copied during a process called
a.
replication.
b.
translation.
c.
transcription.
d.
transformation.
A
B
C
D
93.
The
cell membrane is often refered to as a "mosaic" of different organic molecules. The
core of nearly all cell membranes is a double-layered sheet called a lipid bilayer. Besides
lipids, what other organic compound is critical is providing channels and pumps to move materials
across the cell membrane?
a.
carbohydrates
b.
glycogen
c.
polysaccharides
d.
proteins
A
B
C
D
E
94.
Which
organelle(s) help provide cells with energy?
a.
mitochondria
b.
rough
endoplasmic reticulum
c.
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
d.
chloroplasts
e.
both a and d
A
B
C
D
95.
If
immigration and emigration numbers remain equal, which is the most important contributing factor to a
increased growth rate?
a.
increased birthrate
b.
constant death
rate
c.
decreased
birthrate
d.
constant birthrate
A
B
C
D
96.
When
an aquatic ecosystem receives a large input of a limiting nutrient- or example, runoff from heavily
fertilized fields- the result is often an immediate increase in the amount of algae and other
producers. The result is_________
a.
an algal bloom.
b.
algae begin to
die and decomposers take over.
c.
nitrogen compounds are recycled.
d.
a decrease in
the number of producers
A
B
C
D
97.
Which
structure contains the other?
a.
nucleus; cytoplasm
b.
nucleus; genetic
material
c.
cell membrane; cell wall
d.
prokaryote;
organelles
A
B
C
D
98.
___________ is a process of reduction division in which the number of chromosomes per
cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid
cell.
a.
mitosis.
b.
fertilization.
c.
crossing-over.
d.
meiosis.
A
B
C
D
99.
Activation energy is _______________________.
a.
the energy
required to get a chemical reaction started
b.
the energy
requred to form a chemical bond
c.
the energy required to reverse a chemical
reaction
d.
the total amount of energy released from a chemical
reaction
A
B
C
D
100.
Several species of warblers can live in the same spruce tree ONLY because
they
a.
have different
habitats within the tree.
b.
eat different foods within the tree.
c.
occupy different
niches within the tree.
d.
can find different temperatures within the
tree.
